os/shell: introduce ShellCommandBuilder (#9881)

This builder is an efficient way to construct space-separated shell
command strings.

We use it in setupBash to avoid using an intermediate array of arguments
to construct our bash command line.

src/os/shell.zig

@@ -1,7 +1,84 @@
 const std = @import("std");
 const testing = std.testing;
+const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 const Writer = std.Io.Writer;
 
+/// Builder for constructing space-separated shell command strings.
+/// Uses a caller-provided allocator (typically with stackFallback).
+pub const ShellCommandBuilder = struct {
+    buffer: std.Io.Writer.Allocating,
+
+    pub fn init(allocator: Allocator) ShellCommandBuilder {
+        return .{ .buffer = .init(allocator) };
+    }
+
+    pub fn deinit(self: *ShellCommandBuilder) void {
+        self.buffer.deinit();
+    }
+
+    /// Append an argument to the command with automatic space separation.
+    pub fn appendArg(self: *ShellCommandBuilder, arg: []const u8) (Allocator.Error || Writer.Error)!void {
+        if (arg.len == 0) return;
+        if (self.buffer.written().len > 0) {
+            try self.buffer.writer.writeByte(' ');
+        }
+        try self.buffer.writer.writeAll(arg);
+    }
+
+    /// Get the final null-terminated command string, transferring ownership to caller.
+    /// Calling deinit() after this is safe but unnecessary.
+    pub fn toOwnedSlice(self: *ShellCommandBuilder) Allocator.Error![:0]const u8 {
+        return try self.buffer.toOwnedSliceSentinel(0);
+    }
+};
+
+test ShellCommandBuilder {
+    // Empty command
+    {
+        var cmd = ShellCommandBuilder.init(testing.allocator);
+        defer cmd.deinit();
+        try testing.expectEqualStrings("", cmd.buffer.written());
+    }
+
+    // Single arg
+    {
+        var cmd = ShellCommandBuilder.init(testing.allocator);
+        defer cmd.deinit();
+        try cmd.appendArg("bash");
+        try testing.expectEqualStrings("bash", cmd.buffer.written());
+    }
+
+    // Multiple args
+    {
+        var cmd = ShellCommandBuilder.init(testing.allocator);
+        defer cmd.deinit();
+        try cmd.appendArg("bash");
+        try cmd.appendArg("--posix");
+        try cmd.appendArg("-l");
+        try testing.expectEqualStrings("bash --posix -l", cmd.buffer.written());
+    }
+
+    // Empty arg
+    {
+        var cmd = ShellCommandBuilder.init(testing.allocator);
+        defer cmd.deinit();
+        try cmd.appendArg("bash");
+        try cmd.appendArg("");
+        try testing.expectEqualStrings("bash", cmd.buffer.written());
+    }
+
+    // toOwnedSlice
+    {
+        var cmd = ShellCommandBuilder.init(testing.allocator);
+        try cmd.appendArg("bash");
+        try cmd.appendArg("--posix");
+        const result = try cmd.toOwnedSlice();
+        defer testing.allocator.free(result);
+        try testing.expectEqualStrings("bash --posix", result);
+        try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0), result[result.len]);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Writer that escapes characters that shells treat specially to reduce the
 /// risk of injection attacks or other such weirdness. Specifically excludes
 /// linefeeds so that they can be used to delineate lists of file paths.

src/termio/shell_integration.zig

@@ -259,8 +259,9 @@ fn setupBash(
     resource_dir: []const u8,
     env: *EnvMap,
 ) !?config.Command {
-    var args: std.ArrayList([:0]const u8) = try .initCapacity(alloc, 2);
-    defer args.deinit(alloc);
+    var stack_fallback = std.heap.stackFallback(4096, alloc);
+    var cmd = internal_os.shell.ShellCommandBuilder.init(stack_fallback.get());
+    defer cmd.deinit();
 
     // Iterator that yields each argument in the original command line.
     // This will allocate once proportionate to the command line length.
@@ -269,9 +270,9 @@ fn setupBash(
 
     // Start accumulating arguments with the executable and initial flags.
     if (iter.next()) |exe| {
-        try args.append(alloc, try alloc.dupeZ(u8, exe));
+        try cmd.appendArg(exe);
     } else return null;
-    try args.append(alloc, "--posix");
+    try cmd.appendArg("--posix");
 
     // Stores the list of intercepted command line flags that will be passed
     // to our shell integration script: --norc --noprofile
@@ -304,17 +305,17 @@ fn setupBash(
             if (std.mem.indexOfScalar(u8, arg, 'c') != null) {
                 return null;
             }
-            try args.append(alloc, try alloc.dupeZ(u8, arg));
+            try cmd.appendArg(arg);
         } else if (std.mem.eql(u8, arg, "-") or std.mem.eql(u8, arg, "--")) {
             // All remaining arguments should be passed directly to the shell
             // command. We shouldn't perform any further option processing.
-            try args.append(alloc, try alloc.dupeZ(u8, arg));
+            try cmd.appendArg(arg);
             while (iter.next()) |remaining_arg| {
-                try args.append(alloc, try alloc.dupeZ(u8, remaining_arg));
+                try cmd.appendArg(remaining_arg);
             }
             break;
         } else {
-            try args.append(alloc, try alloc.dupeZ(u8, arg));
+            try cmd.appendArg(arg);
         }
     }
     try env.put("GHOSTTY_BASH_INJECT", buf[0..inject.end]);
@@ -352,8 +353,7 @@ fn setupBash(
     );
     try env.put("ENV", integ_dir);
 
-    // Join the accumulated arguments to form the final command string.
-    return .{ .shell = try std.mem.joinZ(alloc, " ", args.items) };
+    return .{ .shell = try cmd.toOwnedSlice() };
 }
 
 test "bash" {