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Merge tag 'bpf-next-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next
Pull bpf updates from Alexei Starovoitov:
- Support pulling non-linear xdp data with bpf_xdp_pull_data() kfunc
(Amery Hung)
Applied as a stable branch in bpf-next and net-next trees.
- Support reading skb metadata via bpf_dynptr (Jakub Sitnicki)
Also a stable branch in bpf-next and net-next trees.
- Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility (Daniel
Borkmann)
- Replace path-sensitive with path-insensitive live stack analysis in
the verifier (Eduard Zingerman)
This is a significant change in the verification logic. More details,
motivation, long term plans are in the cover letter/merge commit.
- Support signed BPF programs (KP Singh)
This is another major feature that took years to materialize.
Algorithm details are in the cover letter/marge commit
- Add support for may_goto instruction to s390 JIT (Ilya Leoshkevich)
- Add support for may_goto instruction to arm64 JIT (Puranjay Mohan)
- Fix USDT SIB argument handling in libbpf (Jiawei Zhao)
- Allow uprobe-bpf program to change context registers (Jiri Olsa)
- Support signed loads from BPF arena (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi and
Puranjay Mohan)
- Allow access to union arguments in tracing programs (Leon Hwang)
- Optimize rcu_read_lock() + migrate_disable() combination where it's
used in BPF subsystem (Menglong Dong)
- Introduce bpf_task_work_schedule*() kfuncs to schedule deferred
execution of BPF callback in the context of a specific task using the
kernel’s task_work infrastructure (Mykyta Yatsenko)
- Enforce RCU protection for KF_RCU_PROTECTED kfuncs (Kumar Kartikeya
Dwivedi)
- Add stress test for rqspinlock in NMI (Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi)
- Improve the precision of tnum multiplier verifier operation
(Nandakumar Edamana)
- Use tnums to improve is_branch_taken() logic (Paul Chaignon)
- Add support for atomic operations in arena in riscv JIT (Pu Lehui)
- Report arena faults to BPF error stream (Puranjay Mohan)
- Search for tracefs at /sys/kernel/tracing first in bpftool (Quentin
Monnet)
- Add bpf_strcasecmp() kfunc (Rong Tao)
- Support lookup_and_delete_elem command in BPF_MAP_STACK_TRACE (Tao
Chen)
* tag 'bpf-next-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next: (197 commits)
libbpf: Replace AF_ALG with open coded SHA-256
selftests/bpf: Add stress test for rqspinlock in NMI
selftests/bpf: Add test case for different expected_attach_type
bpf: Enforce expected_attach_type for tailcall compatibility
bpftool: Remove duplicate string.h header
bpf: Remove duplicate crypto/sha2.h header
libbpf: Fix error when st-prefix_ops and ops from differ btf
selftests/bpf: Test changing packet data from kfunc
selftests/bpf: Add stacktrace map lookup_and_delete_elem test case
selftests/bpf: Refactor stacktrace_map case with skeleton
bpf: Add lookup_and_delete_elem for BPF_MAP_STACK_TRACE
selftests/bpf: Fix flaky bpf_cookie selftest
selftests/bpf: Test changing packet data from global functions with a kfunc
bpf: Emit struct bpf_xdp_sock type in vmlinux BTF
selftests/bpf: Task_work selftest cleanup fixes
MAINTAINERS: Delete inactive maintainers from AF_XDP
bpf: Mark kfuncs as __noclone
selftests/bpf: Add kprobe multi write ctx attach test
selftests/bpf: Add kprobe write ctx attach test
selftests/bpf: Add uprobe context ip register change test
...
Reimplement libbpf_sha256() using some basic SHA-256 C code. This
eliminates the newly-added dependency on AF_ALG, which is a problematic
UAPI that is not supported by all kernels.
Make libbpf_sha256() return void, since it can no longer fail. This
simplifies some callers. Also drop the unnecessary 'sha_out_sz'
parameter. Finally, also fix the typo in "compute_sha_udpate_offsets".
Fixes: c297fe3e9f ("libbpf: Implement SHA256 internal helper")
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250928003833.138407-1-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
When a module registers a struct_ops, the struct_ops type and its
corresponding map_value type ("bpf_struct_ops_") may reside in different
btf objects, here are four possible case:
+--------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| |bpf_struct_ops_| xxx_ops | |
+--------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| case 0 | btf_vmlinux | btf_vmlinux | be used and reg only in vmlinux |
+--------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| case 1 | btf_vmlinux | mod_btf | INVALID |
+--------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| case 2 | mod_btf | btf_vmlinux | reg in mod but be used both in |
| | | | vmlinux and mod. |
+--------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
| case 3 | mod_btf | mod_btf | be used and reg only in mod |
+--------+---------------+-------------+---------------------------------+
Currently we figure out the mod_btf by searching with the struct_ops type,
which makes it impossible to figure out the mod_btf when the struct_ops
type is in btf_vmlinux while it's corresponding map_value type is in
mod_btf (case 2).
The fix is to use the corresponding map_value type ("bpf_struct_ops_")
as the lookup anchor instead of the struct_ops type to figure out the
`btf` and `mod_btf` via find_ksym_btf_id(), and then we can locate
the kern_type_id via btf__find_by_name_kind() with the `btf` we just
obtained from find_ksym_btf_id().
With this change the lookup obtains the correct btf and mod_btf for case 2,
preserves correct behavior for other valid cases, and still fails as
expected for the invalid scenario (case 1).
Fixes: 590a008882 ("bpf: libbpf: Add STRUCT_OPS support")
Signed-off-by: D. Wythe <alibuda@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250926071751.108293-1-alibuda@linux.alibaba.com
To fulfill the BPF signing contract, represented as Sig(I_loader ||
H_meta), the generated trusted loader program must verify the integrity
of the metadata. This signature cryptographically binds the loader's
instructions (I_loader) to a hash of the metadata (H_meta).
The verification process is embedded directly into the loader program.
Upon execution, the loader loads the runtime hash from struct bpf_map
i.e. BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX and compares this runtime hash against an
expected hash value that has been hardcoded directly by
bpf_obj__gen_loader.
The load from bpf_map can be improved by calling
BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD from the kernel context after BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_FD
has been updated for being called from the kernel context.
The following instructions are generated:
ld_imm64 r1, const_ptr_to_map // insn[0].src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_IDX
r2 = *(u64 *)(r1 + 0);
ld_imm64 r3, sha256_of_map_part1 // constant precomputed by
bpftool (part of H_meta)
if r2 != r3 goto out;
r2 = *(u64 *)(r1 + 8);
ld_imm64 r3, sha256_of_map_part2 // (part of H_meta)
if r2 != r3 goto out;
r2 = *(u64 *)(r1 + 16);
ld_imm64 r3, sha256_of_map_part3 // (part of H_meta)
if r2 != r3 goto out;
r2 = *(u64 *)(r1 + 24);
ld_imm64 r3, sha256_of_map_part4 // (part of H_meta)
if r2 != r3 goto out;
...
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250921160120.9711-4-kpsingh@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
* The metadata map is created with as an exclusive map (with an
excl_prog_hash) This restricts map access exclusively to the signed
loader program, preventing tampering by other processes.
* The map is then frozen, making it read-only from userspace.
* BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_ID instructs the kernel to compute the hash of the
metadata map (H') and store it in bpf_map->sha.
* The loader is then loaded with the signature which is then verified by
the kernel.
loading signed programs prebuilt into the kernel are not currently
supported. These can supported by enabling BPF_OBJ_GET_INFO_BY_ID to be
called from the kernel.
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250921160120.9711-3-kpsingh@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch extends the BPF_PROG_LOAD command by adding three new fields
to `union bpf_attr` in the user-space API:
- signature: A pointer to the signature blob.
- signature_size: The size of the signature blob.
- keyring_id: The serial number of a loaded kernel keyring (e.g.,
the user or session keyring) containing the trusted public keys.
When a BPF program is loaded with a signature, the kernel:
1. Retrieves the trusted keyring using the provided `keyring_id`.
2. Verifies the supplied signature against the BPF program's
instruction buffer.
3. If the signature is valid and was generated by a key in the trusted
keyring, the program load proceeds.
4. If no signature is provided, the load proceeds as before, allowing
for backward compatibility. LSMs can chose to restrict unsigned
programs and implement a security policy.
5. If signature verification fails for any reason,
the program is not loaded.
Tested-by: syzbot@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250921160120.9711-2-kpsingh@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Implement setters and getters that allow map to be registered as
exclusive to the specified program. The registration should be done
before the exclusive program is loaded.
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250914215141.15144-5-kpsingh@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Use AF_ALG sockets to not have libbpf depend on OpenSSL. The helper is
used for the loader generation code to embed the metadata hash in the
loader program and also by the bpf_map__make_exclusive API to calculate
the hash of the program the map is exclusive to.
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250914215141.15144-4-kpsingh@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
When cross-compiling the perf tool for ARM64, `perf help` may crash
with the following assertion failure:
help.c:122: exclude_cmds: Assertion `cmds->names[ci] == NULL' failed.
This happens when the perf binary is not named exactly "perf" or when
multiple "perf-*" binaries exist in the same directory. In such cases,
the `excludes` command list can be empty, which leads to the final
assertion in exclude_cmds() being triggered.
Add a simple guard at the beginning of exclude_cmds() to return early
if excludes->cnt is zero, preventing the crash.
Signed-off-by: hupu <hupu.gm@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Guilherme Amadio <amadio@gentoo.org>
Reviewed-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250909094953.106706-1-amadio@gentoo.org
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Remove unused 'elf' and 'path' parameters from parse_usdt_note function
signature. These parameters are not referenced within the function body
and only add unnecessary complexity.
The function only requires the note header, data buffer, offsets, and
output structure to perform USDT note parsing.
Update function declaration, definition, and the single call site in
collect_usdt_targets() to match the simplified signature.
This is a safe internal cleanup as parse_usdt_note is a static function.
Signed-off-by: Jiawei Zhao <phoenix500526@163.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250904030525.1932293-1-phoenix500526@163.com
On x86-64, USDT arguments can be specified using Scale-Index-Base (SIB)
addressing, e.g. "1@-96(%rbp,%rax,8)". The current USDT implementation
in libbpf cannot parse this format, causing `bpf_program__attach_usdt()`
to fail with -ENOENT (unrecognized register).
This patch fixes this by implementing the necessary changes:
- add correct handling for SIB-addressed arguments in `bpf_usdt_arg`.
- add adaptive support to `__bpf_usdt_arg_type` and
`__bpf_usdt_arg_spec` to represent SIB addressing parameters.
Signed-off-by: Jiawei Zhao <phoenix500526@163.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250827053128.1301287-2-phoenix500526@163.com
Add missing LIBBPF_API macro for bpf_object__prepare function to enable
its export. libbpf.map had bpf_object__prepare already listed.
Fixes: 1315c28ed8 ("libbpf: Split bpf object load into prepare/load")
Signed-off-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250819215119.37795-1-mykyta.yatsenko5@gmail.com
Previously, re-using pinned DEVMAP maps would always fail, because
get_map_info on a DEVMAP always returns flags with BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG set,
but BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG being set on a map during creation is invalid.
Thus, ignore the BPF_F_RDONLY_PROG flag in the flags returned from
get_map_info when checking for compatibility with an existing DEVMAP.
The same problem is handled in a third-party ebpf library:
- https://github.com/cilium/ebpf/issues/925
- https://github.com/cilium/ebpf/pull/930
Fixes: 0cdbb4b09a ("devmap: Allow map lookups from eBPF")
Signed-off-by: Yureka Lilian <yuka@yuka.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250814180113.1245565-3-yuka@yuka.dev
Automatically enabling a perf event after attaching a BPF prog to it is
not always desirable.
Add a new "dont_enable" field to struct bpf_perf_event_opts. While
introducing "enable" instead would be nicer in that it would avoid
a double negation in the implementation, it would make
DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS() less efficient.
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Co-developed-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Richter <tmricht@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250806162417.19666-2-iii@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf
Pull bpf fixes from Alexei Starovoitov:
- Fix kCFI failures in JITed BPF code on arm64 (Sami Tolvanen, Puranjay
Mohan, Mark Rutland, Maxwell Bland)
- Disallow tail calls between BPF programs that use different cgroup
local storage maps to prevent out-of-bounds access (Daniel Borkmann)
- Fix unaligned access in flow_dissector and netfilter BPF programs
(Paul Chaignon)
- Avoid possible use of uninitialized mod_len in libbpf (Achill
Gilgenast)
* tag 'bpf-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf:
selftests/bpf: Test for unaligned flow_dissector ctx access
bpf: Improve ctx access verifier error message
bpf: Check netfilter ctx accesses are aligned
bpf: Check flow_dissector ctx accesses are aligned
arm64/cfi,bpf: Support kCFI + BPF on arm64
cfi: Move BPF CFI types and helpers to generic code
cfi: add C CFI type macro
libbpf: Avoid possible use of uninitialized mod_len
bpf: Fix oob access in cgroup local storage
bpf: Move cgroup iterator helpers to bpf.h
bpf: Move bpf map owner out of common struct
bpf: Add cookie object to bpf maps
Build-ID processing goodies
---------------------------
Build-IDs are content based hashes to link regions of memory to ELF files
in post processing. They have been available in distros for quite a while:
$ file /bin/bash
/bin/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB pie executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV),
dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2,
BuildID[sha1]=707a1c670cd72f8e55ffedfbe94ea98901b7ce3a,
for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
It is possible to ask the kernel to get it from mmap executable backing
storage at time they are being put in place and send it as metadata at
that moment to have in perf.data.
Prefer that across the board to speed up 'record' time - it post processes
the samples to find binaries touched by any samples and to save them with
build-ID. It can skip reading build-ID in userspace if it comes from the
kernel.
perf record
-----------
* Make --buildid-mmap default. The kernel can generate MMAP2 events
with a build-ID from ELF header. Use that by default instead of using
inode and device ID to identify binaries. It also can be disabled
with --no-buildid-mmap.
* Use BPF for -u/--uid option to sample processes belong to a user.
BPF can track user processes more accurately and the existing logic
often fails to get the list of processes due to race with reading the
/proc filesystem.
* Generate PERF_RECORD_BPF_METADATA when it profiles BPF programs and
they have variables starting with "bpf_metadata_". This will help to
identify BPF objects used in the profile. This has been supported in
bpftool for some time and allows the recording of metadata such as
commit hashes, versions, etc, that now gets recorded in perf.data as
well.
* Collect list of DSOs touched in the sample callchains as well as in
the sample itself. This would increase the processing time at the end
of record, but can improve the data quality.
perf stat
---------
* Add a new 'drm' pseudo-PMU support like in 'hwmon'. It can collect
DRM usage stats using fdinfo in /proc.
On my Intel laptop, it shows like below:
$ perf list drm
...
drm:
drm-active-stolen-system0
[Total memory active in one or more engines. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-active-system0
[Total memory active in one or more engines. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-capacity-video
[Engine capacity. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-copy
[Utilization in ns. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-render
[Utilization in ns. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-video
[Utilization in ns. Unit: drm_i915]
...
$ sudo perf stat -a -e drm-engine-render,drm-engine-video,drm-engine-capacity-video sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
48,137,316,988,873 ns drm-engine-render
34,452,696,746 ns drm-engine-video
20 capacity drm-engine-capacity-video
1.002086194 seconds time elapsed
perf list
---------
* Add description for software events. The description is in JSON format
and the event parser now can handle the software events like others
(for example, it's case-insensitive and subject to wildcard matching).
$ perf list software
List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e or -M):
software:
alignment-faults
[Number of kernel handled memory alignment faults. Unit: software]
bpf-output
[An event used by BPF programs to write to the perf ring buffer. Unit: software]
cgroup-switches
[Number of context switches to a task in a different cgroup. Unit: software]
context-switches
[Number of context switches [This event is an alias of cs]. Unit: software]
cpu-clock
[Per-CPU high-resolution timer based event. Unit: software]
cpu-migrations
[Number of times a process has migrated to a new CPU [This event is an alias of migrations]. Unit: software]
cs
[Number of context switches [This event is an alias of context-switches]. Unit: software]
dummy
[A placeholder event that doesn't count anything. Unit: software]
emulation-faults
[Number of kernel handled unimplemented instruction faults handled through emulation. Unit: software]
faults
[Number of page faults [This event is an alias of page-faults]. Unit: software]
major-faults
[Number of major page faults. Major faults require I/O to handle. Unit: software]
migrations
[Number of times a process has migrated to a new CPU [This event is an alias of cpu-migrations]. Unit: software]
minor-faults
[Number of minor page faults. Minor faults don't require I/O to handle. Unit: software]
page-faults
[Number of page faults [This event is an alias of faults]. Unit: software]
task-clock
[Per-task high-resolution timer based event. Unit: software]
perf ftrace
-----------
* Add -e/--events option to perf ftrace latency to measure latency
between the two events instead of a function.
$ sudo perf ftrace latency -ab -e i915_request_wait_begin,i915_request_wait_end --hide-empty -- sleep 1
# DURATION | COUNT | GRAPH |
256 - 512 us | 4 | ###### |
2 - 4 ms | 2 | ### |
4 - 8 ms | 12 | ################### |
8 - 16 ms | 10 | ################ |
# statistics (in usec)
total time: 194915
avg time: 6961
max time: 12855
min time: 373
count: 28
* Add new function graph tracer options (--graph-opts) to display more
info like arguments and return value. They will be passed to the
kernel ftrace directly.
$ sudo perf ftrace -G vfs_write --graph-opts retval,retaddr
# tracer: function_graph
#
# CPU DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
# | | | | | | |
...
5) | mutex_unlock() { /* <-rb_simple_write+0xda/0x150 */
5) 0.188 us | local_clock(); /* <-lock_release+0x2ad/0x440 ret=0x3bf2a3cf90e */
5) | rt_mutex_slowunlock() { /* <-rb_simple_write+0xda/0x150 */
5) | _raw_spin_lock_irqsave() { /* <-rt_mutex_slowunlock+0x4f/0x200 */
5) 0.123 us | preempt_count_add(); /* <-_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x23/0x90 ret=0x0 */
5) 0.128 us | local_clock(); /* <-__lock_acquire.isra.0+0x17a/0x740 ret=0x3bf2a3cfc8b */
5) 0.086 us | do_raw_spin_trylock(); /* <-_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x4a/0x90 ret=0x1 */
5) 0.845 us | } /* _raw_spin_lock_irqsave ret=0x292 */
...
misc
----
* Add perf archive --exclude-buildids <FILE> option to skip some binaries.
The format of the FILE should be same as an output of perf buildid-list.
* Get rid of dependency of libcrypto. It was just to get SHA-1 hash so
implement it directly like in the kernel. A side effect is that it
needs -fno-strict-aliasing compiler option (again, like in the kernel).
* Convert all shell script tests to use bash.
Reviewed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'perf-tools-for-v6.17-2025-08-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/perf/perf-tools
Pull perf tools updates from Namhyung Kim:
"Build-ID processing goodies:
Build-IDs are content based hashes to link regions of memory to ELF
files in post processing. They have been available in distros for
quite a while:
$ file /bin/bash
/bin/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB pie executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV),
dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2,
BuildID[sha1]=707a1c670cd72f8e55ffedfbe94ea98901b7ce3a,
for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
It is possible to ask the kernel to get it from mmap executable
backing storage at time they are being put in place and send it as
metadata at that moment to have in perf.data.
Prefer that across the board to speed up 'record' time - it post
processes the samples to find binaries touched by any samples and
to save them with build-ID. It can skip reading build-ID in
userspace if it comes from the kernel.
perf record:
* Make --buildid-mmap default. The kernel can generate MMAP2 events
with a build-ID from ELF header. Use that by default instead of using
inode and device ID to identify binaries. It also can be disabled
with --no-buildid-mmap.
* Use BPF for -u/--uid option to sample processes belong to a user.
BPF can track user processes more accurately and the existing logic
often fails to get the list of processes due to race with reading the
/proc filesystem.
* Generate PERF_RECORD_BPF_METADATA when it profiles BPF programs and
they have variables starting with "bpf_metadata_". This will help to
identify BPF objects used in the profile. This has been supported in
bpftool for some time and allows the recording of metadata such as
commit hashes, versions, etc, that now gets recorded in perf.data as
well.
* Collect list of DSOs touched in the sample callchains as well as in
the sample itself. This would increase the processing time at the end
of record, but can improve the data quality.
perf stat:
* Add a new 'drm' pseudo-PMU support like in 'hwmon'. It can collect
DRM usage stats using fdinfo in /proc.
On my Intel laptop, it shows like below:
$ perf list drm
...
drm:
drm-active-stolen-system0
[Total memory active in one or more engines. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-active-system0
[Total memory active in one or more engines. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-capacity-video
[Engine capacity. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-copy
[Utilization in ns. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-render
[Utilization in ns. Unit: drm_i915]
drm-engine-video
[Utilization in ns. Unit: drm_i915]
...
$ sudo perf stat -a -e drm-engine-render,drm-engine-video,drm-engine-capacity-video sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
48,137,316,988,873 ns drm-engine-render
34,452,696,746 ns drm-engine-video
20 capacity drm-engine-capacity-video
1.002086194 seconds time elapsed
perf list
* Add description for software events. The description is in JSON format
and the event parser now can handle the software events like others
(for example, it's case-insensitive and subject to wildcard matching).
$ perf list software
List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e or -M):
software:
alignment-faults
[Number of kernel handled memory alignment faults. Unit: software]
bpf-output
[An event used by BPF programs to write to the perf ring buffer. Unit: software]
cgroup-switches
[Number of context switches to a task in a different cgroup. Unit: software]
context-switches
[Number of context switches [This event is an alias of cs]. Unit: software]
cpu-clock
[Per-CPU high-resolution timer based event. Unit: software]
cpu-migrations
[Number of times a process has migrated to a new CPU [This event is an alias of migrations]. Unit: software]
cs
[Number of context switches [This event is an alias of context-switches]. Unit: software]
dummy
[A placeholder event that doesn't count anything. Unit: software]
emulation-faults
[Number of kernel handled unimplemented instruction faults handled through emulation. Unit: software]
faults
[Number of page faults [This event is an alias of page-faults]. Unit: software]
major-faults
[Number of major page faults. Major faults require I/O to handle. Unit: software]
migrations
[Number of times a process has migrated to a new CPU [This event is an alias of cpu-migrations]. Unit: software]
minor-faults
[Number of minor page faults. Minor faults don't require I/O to handle. Unit: software]
page-faults
[Number of page faults [This event is an alias of faults]. Unit: software]
task-clock
[Per-task high-resolution timer based event. Unit: software]
perf ftrace:
* Add -e/--events option to perf ftrace latency to measure latency
between the two events instead of a function.
$ sudo perf ftrace latency -ab -e i915_request_wait_begin,i915_request_wait_end --hide-empty -- sleep 1
# DURATION | COUNT | GRAPH |
256 - 512 us | 4 | ###### |
2 - 4 ms | 2 | ### |
4 - 8 ms | 12 | ################### |
8 - 16 ms | 10 | ################ |
# statistics (in usec)
total time: 194915
avg time: 6961
max time: 12855
min time: 373
count: 28
* Add new function graph tracer options (--graph-opts) to display more
info like arguments and return value. They will be passed to the
kernel ftrace directly.
$ sudo perf ftrace -G vfs_write --graph-opts retval,retaddr
# tracer: function_graph
#
# CPU DURATION FUNCTION CALLS
# | | | | | | |
...
5) | mutex_unlock() { /* <-rb_simple_write+0xda/0x150 */
5) 0.188 us | local_clock(); /* <-lock_release+0x2ad/0x440 ret=0x3bf2a3cf90e */
5) | rt_mutex_slowunlock() { /* <-rb_simple_write+0xda/0x150 */
5) | _raw_spin_lock_irqsave() { /* <-rt_mutex_slowunlock+0x4f/0x200 */
5) 0.123 us | preempt_count_add(); /* <-_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x23/0x90 ret=0x0 */
5) 0.128 us | local_clock(); /* <-__lock_acquire.isra.0+0x17a/0x740 ret=0x3bf2a3cfc8b */
5) 0.086 us | do_raw_spin_trylock(); /* <-_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x4a/0x90 ret=0x1 */
5) 0.845 us | } /* _raw_spin_lock_irqsave ret=0x292 */
...
Misc:
* Add perf archive --exclude-buildids <FILE> option to skip some binaries.
The format of the FILE should be same as an output of perf buildid-list.
* Get rid of dependency of libcrypto. It was just to get SHA-1 hash so
implement it directly like in the kernel. A side effect is that it
needs -fno-strict-aliasing compiler option (again, like in the kernel).
* Convert all shell script tests to use bash"
* tag 'perf-tools-for-v6.17-2025-08-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/perf/perf-tools: (179 commits)
perf record: Cache build-ID of hit DSOs only
perf test: Ensure lock contention using pipe mode
perf python: Stop using deprecated PyUnicode_AsString()
perf list: Skip ABI PMUs when printing pmu values
perf list: Remove tracepoint printing code
perf tp_pmu: Add event APIs
perf tp_pmu: Factor existing tracepoint logic to new file
perf parse-events: Remove non-json software events
perf jevents: Add common software event json
perf tools: Remove libtraceevent in .gitignore
perf test: Fix comment ordering
perf sort: Use perf_env to set arch sort keys and header
perf test: Move PERF_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_STRUCT parsing to common test
perf sample: Remove arch notion of sample parsing
perf env: Remove global perf_env
perf trace: Avoid global perf_env with evsel__env
perf auxtrace: Pass perf_env from session through to mmap read
perf machine: Explicitly pass in host perf_env
perf bench synthesize: Avoid use of global perf_env
perf top: Make perf_env locally scoped
...
Though mod_len is only read when mod_name != NULL and both are initialized
together, gcc15 produces a warning with -Werror=maybe-uninitialized:
libbpf.c: In function 'find_kernel_btf_id.constprop':
libbpf.c:10100:33: error: 'mod_len' may be used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
10100 | if (mod_name && strncmp(mod->name, mod_name, mod_len) != 0)
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
libbpf.c:10070:21: note: 'mod_len' was declared here
10070 | int ret, i, mod_len;
| ^~~~~~~
Silence the false positive.
Signed-off-by: Achill Gilgenast <fossdd@pwned.life>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250729094611.2065713-1-fossdd@pwned.life
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Counting events system-wide with a specified CPU prior to this change
worked:
```
$ perf stat -e 'msr/tsc/,msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_core/,msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_atom/' -a sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
59,393,419,099 msr/tsc/
33,927,965,927 msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_core/
25,465,608,044 msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_atom/
```
However, when counting with process the counts became system wide:
```
$ perf stat -e 'msr/tsc/,msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_core/,msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_atom/' perf test -F 10
10.1: Basic parsing test : Ok
10.2: Parsing without PMU name : Ok
10.3: Parsing with PMU name : Ok
Performance counter stats for 'perf test -F 10':
59,233,549 msr/tsc/
59,227,556 msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_core/
59,224,053 msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_atom/
```
Make the handling of CPU maps with event parsing clearer. When an
event is parsed creating an evsel the cpus should be either the PMU's
cpumask or user specified CPUs.
Update perf_evlist__propagate_maps so that it doesn't clobber the user
specified CPUs. Try to make the behavior clearer, firstly fix up
missing cpumasks. Next, perform sanity checks and adjustments from the
global evlist CPU requests and for the PMU including simplifying to
the "any CPU"(-1) value. Finally remove the event if the cpumask is
empty.
So that events are opened with a CPU and a thread change stat's
create_perf_stat_counter to give both.
With the change things are fixed:
```
$ perf stat --no-scale -e 'msr/tsc/,msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_core/,msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_atom/' perf test -F 10
10.1: Basic parsing test : Ok
10.2: Parsing without PMU name : Ok
10.3: Parsing with PMU name : Ok
Performance counter stats for 'perf test -F 10':
63,704,975 msr/tsc/
47,060,704 msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_core/ (4.62%)
16,640,591 msr/tsc,cpu=cpu_atom/ (2.18%)
```
However, note the "--no-scale" option is used. This is necessary as
the running time for the event on the counter isn't the same as the
enabled time because the thread doesn't necessarily run on the CPUs
specified for the counter. All counter values are scaled with:
scaled_value = value * time_enabled / time_running
and so without --no-scale the scaled_value becomes very large. This
problem already exists on hybrid systems for the same reason. Here are
2 runs of the same code with an instructions event that counts the
same on both types of core, there is no real multiplexing happening on
the event:
```
$ perf stat -e instructions perf test -F 10
...
Performance counter stats for 'perf test -F 10':
87,896,447 cpu_atom/instructions/ (14.37%)
98,171,964 cpu_core/instructions/ (85.63%)
...
$ perf stat --no-scale -e instructions perf test -F 10
...
Performance counter stats for 'perf test -F 10':
13,069,890 cpu_atom/instructions/ (19.32%)
83,460,274 cpu_core/instructions/ (80.68%)
...
```
The scaling has inflated per-PMU instruction counts and the overall
count by 2x.
To fix this the kernel needs changing when a task+CPU event (or just
task event on hybrid) is scheduled out. A fix could be that the state
isn't inactive but off for such events, so that time_enabled counts
don't accumulate on them.
Reviewed-by: Thomas Falcon <thomas.falcon@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250719030517.1990983-13-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
This allows the perf_evsel__exit to be called when the struct
perf_evsel is embedded inside another struct, such as struct evsel in
perf.
Reviewed-by: Thomas Falcon <thomas.falcon@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Tested-by: James Clark <james.clark@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250719030517.1990983-8-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
own_cpus is generally the cpumask from the PMU. Rename to pmu_cpus to
try to make this clearer. Variable rename with no other changes.
Reviewed-by: Thomas Falcon <thomas.falcon@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Tested-by: James Clark <james.clark@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250719030517.1990983-7-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
FILENAME_MAX is often PATH_MAX (4kb), far more than needed for the
/proc path. Make the buffer size sufficient for the maximum integer
plus "/proc/" and "/status" with a '\0' terminator.
Fixes: 5ce42b5de4 ("tools subcmd: Add non-waitpid check_if_command_finished()")
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250717150855.1032526-1-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Fuzzer reported a memory access error in bpf_program__record_reloc()
that happens when:
- ".addr_space.1" section exists
- there is a relocation referencing this section
- there are no arena maps defined in BTF.
Sanity checks for maps existence are already present in
bpf_program__record_reloc(), hence this commit adds another one.
[1] https://github.com/libbpf/libbpf/actions/runs/16375110681/job/46272998064
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250718222059.281526-1-eddyz87@gmail.com
When compiling libbpf with some compilers, this warning is triggered:
libbpf.c: In function ‘bpf_object__gen_loader’:
libbpf.c:9209:28: error: ‘calloc’ sizes specified with ‘sizeof’ in the earlier argument and not in the later argument [-Werror=calloc-transposed-args]
9209 | gen = calloc(sizeof(*gen), 1);
| ^
libbpf.c:9209:28: note: earlier argument should specify number of elements, later size of each element
Fix this by inverting the calloc() arguments.
Signed-off-by: Matteo Croce <teknoraver@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250717200337.49168-1-technoboy85@gmail.com
Initial __arena global variable support implementation in libbpf
contains a bug: it remembers struct bpf_map pointer for arena, which is
used later on to process relocations. Recording this pointer is
problematic because map pointers are not stable during ELF relocation
collection phase, as an array of struct bpf_map's can be reallocated,
invalidating all the pointers. Libbpf is dealing with similar issues by
using a stable internal map index, though for BPF arena map specifically
this approach wasn't used due to an oversight.
The resulting behavior is non-deterministic issue which depends on exact
layout of ELF object file, number of actual maps, etc. We didn't hit
this until very recently, when this bug started triggering crash in BPF
CI when validating one of sched-ext BPF programs.
The fix is rather straightforward: we just follow an established pattern
of remembering map index (just like obj->kconfig_map_idx, for example)
instead of `struct bpf_map *`, and resolving index to a pointer at the
point where map information is necessary.
While at it also add debug-level message for arena-related relocation
resolution information, which we already have for all other kinds of
maps.
Fixes: 2e7ba4f8fd ("libbpf: Recognize __arena global variables.")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250718001009.610955-1-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Introduce a libbpf API so that users can read data from a given BPF
stream for a BPF prog fd. For now, only the low-level syscall wrapper
is provided, we can add a bpf_program__* accessor as a follow up if
needed.
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250703204818.925464-11-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Add a convenience macro to print data to the BPF streams. BPF_STDOUT and
BPF_STDERR stream IDs in the vmlinux.h can be passed to the macro to
print to the respective streams.
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250703204818.925464-10-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Currently perf aborts when it finds an invalid command. I guess it
depends on the environment as I have some custom commands in the path.
$ perf bad-command
perf: 'bad-command' is not a perf-command. See 'perf --help'.
Aborted (core dumped)
It's because the exclude_cmds() in libsubcmd has a use-after-free when
it removes some entries. After copying one to another entry, it keeps
the pointer in the both position. And the next copy operation will free
the later one but it's the same entry in the previous one.
For example, let's say cmds = { A, B, C, D, E } and excludes = { B, E }.
ci cj ei cmds-name excludes
-----------+--------------------
0 0 0 | A B : cmp < 0, ci == cj
1 1 0 | B B : cmp == 0
2 1 1 | C E : cmp < 0, ci != cj
At this point, it frees cmds->names[1] and cmds->names[1] is assigned to
cmds->names[2].
3 2 1 | D E : cmp < 0, ci != cj
Now it frees cmds->names[2] but it's the same as cmds->names[1]. So
accessing cmds->names[1] will be invalid.
This makes the subcmd tests succeed.
$ perf test subcmd
69: libsubcmd help tests :
69.1: Load subcmd names : Ok
69.2: Uniquify subcmd names : Ok
69.3: Exclude duplicate subcmd names : Ok
Fixes: 4b96679170 ("libsubcmd: Avoid SEGV/use-after-free when commands aren't excluded")
Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250701201027.1171561-3-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cross-merge BPF, perf and other fixes after downstream PRs.
It restores BPF CI to green after critical fix
commit bc4394e5e7 ("perf: Fix the throttle error of some clock events")
No conflicts.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
The `name` field in `obj->externs` points into the BTF data at initial
open time. However, some functions may invalidate this after opening and
before loading (e.g. `bpf_map__set_value_size`), which results in
pointers into freed memory and undefined behavior.
The simplest solution is to simply `strdup` these strings, similar to
the `essent_name`, and free them at the same time.
In order to test this path, the `global_map_resize` BPF selftest is
modified slightly to ensure the presence of an extern, which causes this
test to fail prior to the fix. Given there isn't an obvious API or error
to test against, I opted to add this to the existing test as an aspect
of the resizing feature rather than duplicate the test.
Fixes: 9d0a23313b ("libbpf: Add capability for resizing datasec maps")
Signed-off-by: Adin Scannell <amscanne@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250625050215.2777374-1-amscanne@meta.com
A missed evsel__close before evsel__delete was the source of leaking
perf events due to a hybrid test. Add asserts in debug builds so that
this shouldn't happen in the future. Add puts missing on the cpu map
and thread maps.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250617223356.2752099-4-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
When btf_dump__new() fails to allocate memory for the internal hashmap
(btf_dump->type_names), it returns an error code. However, the cleanup
function btf_dump__free() does not check if btf_dump->type_names is NULL
before attempting to free it. This leads to a null pointer dereference
when btf_dump__free() is called on a btf_dump object.
Fixes: 351131b51c ("libbpf: add btf_dump API for BTF-to-C conversion")
Signed-off-by: Yuan Chen <chenyuan@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250618011933.11423-1-chenyuan_fl@163.com
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Merge tag 'v6.16-rc3' into perf-tools-next
To get the fixes in libbpf and perf tools.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Look for .rodata maps, find ones with 'bpf_metadata_' variables, extract
their values as strings, and create a new PERF_RECORD_BPF_METADATA
synthetic event using that data. The code gets invoked from the existing
routine perf_event__synthesize_one_bpf_prog().
For example, a BPF program with the following variables:
const char bpf_metadata_version[] SEC(".rodata") = "3.14159";
int bpf_metadata_value[] SEC(".rodata") = 42;
would generate a PERF_RECORD_BPF_METADATA record with:
.prog_name = <BPF program name, e.g. "bpf_prog_a1b2c3_foo">
.nr_entries = 2
.entries[0].key = "version"
.entries[0].value = "3.14159"
.entries[1].key = "value"
.entries[1].value = "42"
Each of the BPF programs and subprograms that share those variables would
get a distinct PERF_RECORD_BPF_METADATA record, with the ".prog_name"
showing the name of each program or subprogram. The prog_name is
deliberately the same as the ".name" field in the corresponding
PERF_RECORD_KSYMBOL record.
This code only gets invoked if support for displaying BTF char arrays
as strings is detected.
Signed-off-by: Blake Jones <blakejones@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250612194939.162730-3-blakejones@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Currently libbpf supports bpf_program__attach_cgroup() with signature:
LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
bpf_program__attach_cgroup(const struct bpf_program *prog, int cgroup_fd);
To support mprog style attachment, additionsl fields like flags,
relative_{fd,id} and expected_revision are needed.
Add a new API:
LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
bpf_program__attach_cgroup_opts(const struct bpf_program *prog, int cgroup_fd,
const struct bpf_cgroup_opts *opts);
where bpf_cgroup_opts contains all above needed fields.
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250606163146.2429212-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev
libbpf_err_ptr() helpers are meant to return NULL and set errno, if
there is an error. But btf_parse_raw_mmap() is meant to be used
internally and is expected to return ERR_PTR() values. Because of this
mismatch, when libbpf tries to mmap /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux, we don't
detect the error correctly with IS_ERR() check, and never fallback to
old non-mmap-based way of loading vmlinux BTF.
Fix this by using proper ERR_PTR() returns internally.
Reported-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Fixes: 3c0421c93c ("libbpf: Use mmap to parse vmlinux BTF from sysfs")
Cc: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250606202134.2738910-1-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
The BTF dumper code currently displays arrays of characters as just that -
arrays, with each character formatted individually. Sometimes this is what
makes sense, but it's nice to be able to treat that array as a string.
This change adds a special case to the btf_dump functionality to allow
0-terminated arrays of single-byte integer values to be printed as
character strings. Characters for which isprint() returns false are
printed as hex-escaped values. This is enabled when the new ".emit_strings"
is set to 1 in the btf_dump_type_data_opts structure.
As an example, here's what it looks like to dump the string "hello" using
a few different field values for btf_dump_type_data_opts (.compact = 1):
- .emit_strings = 0, .skip_names = 0: (char[6])['h','e','l','l','o',]
- .emit_strings = 0, .skip_names = 1: ['h','e','l','l','o',]
- .emit_strings = 1, .skip_names = 0: (char[6])"hello"
- .emit_strings = 1, .skip_names = 1: "hello"
Here's the string "h\xff", dumped with .compact = 1 and .skip_names = 1:
- .emit_strings = 0: ['h',-1,]
- .emit_strings = 1: "h\xff"
Signed-off-by: Blake Jones <blakejones@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250603203701.520541-1-blakejones@google.com
perf report/top/annotate TUI:
- Accept the left arrow key as a Zoom out if done on the first column.
- Show if source code toggle status in title, to help spotting bugs with
the various disassemblers (capstone, llvm, objdump).
- Provide feedback on unhandled hotkeys.
Build:
- Better inform when certain features are not available with warnings in the
build process and in 'perf version --build-options' or 'perf -vv'.
perf record:
- Improve the --off-cpu code by synthesizing events for switch-out -> switch-in
intervals using a BPF program. This can be fine tuned using a --off-cpu-thresh
knob.
perf report:
- Add 'tgid' sort key.
perf mem/c2c:
- Add 'op', 'cache', 'snoop', 'dtlb' output fields.
- Add support for 'ldlat' on AMD IBS (Instruction Based Sampling).
perf ftrace:
- Use process/session specific trace settings instead of messing with
the global ftrace knobs.
perf trace:
- Implement syscall summary in BPF.
- Support --summary-mode=cgroup.
- Always print return value for syscalls returning a pid.
- The rseq and set_robust_list don't return a pid, just -errno.
perf lock contention:
- Symbolize zone->lock using BTF.
- Add -J/--inject-delay option to estimate impact on application performance by
optimization of kernel locking behavior.
perf stat:
- Improve hybrid support for the NMI watchdog warning.
Symbol resolution:
- Handle 'u' and 'l' symbols in /proc/kallsyms, resolving some Rust symbols.
- Improve Rust demangler.
Hardware tracing:
Intel PT:
- Fix PEBS-via-PT data_src.
- Do not default to recording all switch events.
- Fix pattern matching with python3 on the SQL viewer script.
arm64:
- Fixups for the hip08 hha PMU.
Vendor events:
- Update Intel events/metrics files for alderlake, alderlaken, arrowlake,
bonnell, broadwell, broadwellde, broadwellx, cascadelakex, clearwaterforest,
elkhartlake, emeraldrapids, grandridge, graniterapids, haswell, haswellx,
icelake, icelakex, ivybridge, ivytown, jaketown, lunarlake, meteorlake,
nehalemep, nehalemex, rocketlake, sandybridge, sapphirerapids, sierraforest,
skylake, skylakex, snowridgex, tigerlake, westmereep-dp, westmereep-sp,
westmereep-sx.
python support:
- Add support for event counts in the python binding, add a counting.py example.
perf list:
- Display the PMU name associated with a perf metric in JSON.
perf test:
- Hybrid improvements for metric value validation test.
- Fix LBR test by ignoring idle task.
- Add AMD IBS sw filter ana d'ldlat' tests.
- Add 'perf trace --summary-mode=cgroup' test.
- Add tests for the various language symbol demanglers.
Miscellaneous.
- Allow specifying the cpu an event will be tied using '-e event/cpu=N/'.
- Sync various headers with the kernel sources.
- Add annotations to use clang's -Wthread-safety and fix some problems
it detected.
- Make dump_stack() use perf's symbol resolution to provide better backtraces.
- Intel TPEBS support cleanups and fixes. TPEBS stands for Timed PEBS
(Precision Event-Based Sampling), that adds timing info, the retirement
latency of instructions.
- Various memory allocation (some detected by ASAN) and reference counting
fixes.
- Add a 8-byte aligned PERF_RECORD_COMPRESSED2 to replace PERF_RECORD_COMPRESSED.
- Skip unsupported event types in perf.data files, don't stop when finding one.
- Improve lookups using hashmaps and binary searches.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Merge tag 'perf-tools-for-v6.16-1-2025-06-03' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/perf/perf-tools
Pull perf tools updates from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:
"perf report/top/annotate TUI:
- Accept the left arrow key as a Zoom out if done on the first column
- Show if source code toggle status in title, to help spotting bugs
with the various disassemblers (capstone, llvm, objdump)
- Provide feedback on unhandled hotkeys
Build:
- Better inform when certain features are not available with warnings
in the build process and in 'perf version --build-options' or 'perf -vv'
perf record:
- Improve the --off-cpu code by synthesizing events for switch-out ->
switch-in intervals using a BPF program. This can be fine tuned
using a --off-cpu-thresh knob
perf report:
- Add 'tgid' sort key
perf mem/c2c:
- Add 'op', 'cache', 'snoop', 'dtlb' output fields
- Add support for 'ldlat' on AMD IBS (Instruction Based Sampling)
perf ftrace:
- Use process/session specific trace settings instead of messing with
the global ftrace knobs
perf trace:
- Implement syscall summary in BPF
- Support --summary-mode=cgroup
- Always print return value for syscalls returning a pid
- The rseq and set_robust_list don't return a pid, just -errno
perf lock contention:
- Symbolize zone->lock using BTF
- Add -J/--inject-delay option to estimate impact on application
performance by optimization of kernel locking behavior
perf stat:
- Improve hybrid support for the NMI watchdog warning
Symbol resolution:
- Handle 'u' and 'l' symbols in /proc/kallsyms, resolving some Rust
symbols
- Improve Rust demangler
Hardware tracing:
Intel PT:
- Fix PEBS-via-PT data_src
- Do not default to recording all switch events
- Fix pattern matching with python3 on the SQL viewer script
arm64:
- Fixups for the hip08 hha PMU
Vendor events:
- Update Intel events/metrics files for alderlake, alderlaken,
arrowlake, bonnell, broadwell, broadwellde, broadwellx,
cascadelakex, clearwaterforest, elkhartlake, emeraldrapids,
grandridge, graniterapids, haswell, haswellx, icelake, icelakex,
ivybridge, ivytown, jaketown, lunarlake, meteorlake, nehalemep,
nehalemex, rocketlake, sandybridge, sapphirerapids, sierraforest,
skylake, skylakex, snowridgex, tigerlake, westmereep-dp,
westmereep-sp, westmereep-sx
python support:
- Add support for event counts in the python binding, add a
counting.py example
perf list:
- Display the PMU name associated with a perf metric in JSON
perf test:
- Hybrid improvements for metric value validation test
- Fix LBR test by ignoring idle task
- Add AMD IBS sw filter ana d'ldlat' tests
- Add 'perf trace --summary-mode=cgroup' test
- Add tests for the various language symbol demanglers
Miscellaneous:
- Allow specifying the cpu an event will be tied using '-e
event/cpu=N/'
- Sync various headers with the kernel sources
- Add annotations to use clang's -Wthread-safety and fix some
problems it detected
- Make dump_stack() use perf's symbol resolution to provide better
backtraces
- Intel TPEBS support cleanups and fixes. TPEBS stands for Timed PEBS
(Precision Event-Based Sampling), that adds timing info, the
retirement latency of instructions
- Various memory allocation (some detected by ASAN) and reference
counting fixes
- Add a 8-byte aligned PERF_RECORD_COMPRESSED2 to replace
PERF_RECORD_COMPRESSED
- Skip unsupported event types in perf.data files, don't stop when
finding one
- Improve lookups using hashmaps and binary searches"
* tag 'perf-tools-for-v6.16-1-2025-06-03' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/perf/perf-tools: (206 commits)
perf callchain: Always populate the addr_location map when adding IP
perf lock contention: Reject more than 10ms delays for safety
perf trace: Set errpid to false for rseq and set_robust_list
perf symbol: Move demangling code out of symbol-elf.c
perf trace: Always print return value for syscalls returning a pid
perf script: Print PERF_AUX_FLAG_COLLISION flag
perf mem: Show absolute percent in mem_stat output
perf mem: Display sort order only if it's available
perf mem: Describe overhead calculation in brief
perf record: Fix incorrect --user-regs comments
Revert "perf thread: Ensure comm_lock held for comm_list"
perf test trace_summary: Skip --bpf-summary tests if no libbpf
perf test intel-pt: Skip jitdump test if no libelf
perf intel-tpebs: Avoid race when evlist is being deleted
perf test demangle-java: Don't segv if demangling fails
perf symbol: Fix use-after-free in filename__read_build_id
perf pmu: Avoid segv for missing name/alias_name in wildcarding
perf machine: Factor creating a "live" machine out of dwarf-unwind
perf test: Add AMD IBS sw filter test
perf mem: Count L2 HITM for c2c statistic
...
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Merge tag 'bpf-next-6.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next
Pull bpf updates from Alexei Starovoitov:
- Fix and improve BTF deduplication of identical BTF types (Alan
Maguire and Andrii Nakryiko)
- Support up to 12 arguments in BPF trampoline on arm64 (Xu Kuohai and
Alexis Lothoré)
- Support load-acquire and store-release instructions in BPF JIT on
riscv64 (Andrea Parri)
- Fix uninitialized values in BPF_{CORE,PROBE}_READ macros (Anton
Protopopov)
- Streamline allowed helpers across program types (Feng Yang)
- Support atomic update for hashtab of BPF maps (Hou Tao)
- Implement json output for BPF helpers (Ihor Solodrai)
- Several s390 JIT fixes (Ilya Leoshkevich)
- Various sockmap fixes (Jiayuan Chen)
- Support mmap of vmlinux BTF data (Lorenz Bauer)
- Support BPF rbtree traversal and list peeking (Martin KaFai Lau)
- Tests for sockmap/sockhash redirection (Michal Luczaj)
- Introduce kfuncs for memory reads into dynptrs (Mykyta Yatsenko)
- Add support for dma-buf iterators in BPF (T.J. Mercier)
- The verifier support for __bpf_trap() (Yonghong Song)
* tag 'bpf-next-6.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf-next: (135 commits)
bpf, arm64: Remove unused-but-set function and variable.
selftests/bpf: Add tests with stack ptr register in conditional jmp
bpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping
selftests/bpf: enable many-args tests for arm64
bpf, arm64: Support up to 12 function arguments
bpf: Check rcu_read_lock_trace_held() in bpf_map_lookup_percpu_elem()
bpf: Avoid __bpf_prog_ret0_warn when jit fails
bpftool: Add support for custom BTF path in prog load/loadall
selftests/bpf: Add unit tests with __bpf_trap() kfunc
bpf: Warn with __bpf_trap() kfunc maybe due to uninitialized variable
bpf: Remove special_kfunc_set from verifier
selftests/bpf: Add test for open coded dmabuf_iter
selftests/bpf: Add test for dmabuf_iter
bpf: Add open coded dmabuf iterator
bpf: Add dmabuf iterator
dma-buf: Rename debugfs symbols
bpf: Fix error return value in bpf_copy_from_user_dynptr
libbpf: Use mmap to parse vmlinux BTF from sysfs
selftests: bpf: Add a test for mmapable vmlinux BTF
btf: Allow mmap of vmlinux btf
...
Teach libbpf to use mmap when parsing vmlinux BTF from /sys. We don't
apply this to fall-back paths on the regular file system because there
is no way to ensure that modifications underlying the MAP_PRIVATE
mapping are not visible to the process.
Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250520-vmlinux-mmap-v5-3-e8c941acc414@isovalent.com
Allow computation of thread map index from a PID.
Note, with a 'struct perf_cpu_map' the sorted nature allows for a binary
search to compute the index which isn't currently possible with a
'struct perf_thread_map' as they aren't guaranteed sorted.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Gautam Menghani <gautam@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Howard Chu <howardchu95@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250519195148.1708988-3-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
perf_thread_map__nr() returns length 1 if the perf_thread_map is NULL,
meaning index 0 is valid.
When perf_thread_map__pid() of index 0 is read then return the expected
"any" -1 value.
Assert this is only done for index 0.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Gautam Menghani <gautam@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Howard Chu <howardchu95@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Madhavan Srinivasan <maddy@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250519195148.1708988-2-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
libbpf handling of split BTF has been written largely with the
assumption that multiple splits are possible, i.e. split BTF on top of
split BTF on top of base BTF. One area where this does not quite work
is string handling in split BTF; the start string offset should be the
base BTF string section length + the base BTF string offset. This
worked in the past because for a single split BTF with base the start
string offset was always 0.
Signed-off-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250519165935.261614-2-alan.maguire@oracle.com
The original PERF_RECORD_COMPRESS is not 8-byte aligned, which can cause
asan runtime error:
# Build with asan
$ make -C tools/perf O=/tmp/perf DEBUG=1 EXTRA_CFLAGS="-O0 -g -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fsanitize=undefined"
# Test success with many asan runtime errors:
$ /tmp/perf/perf test "Zstd perf.data compression/decompression" -vv
83: Zstd perf.data compression/decompression:
...
util/session.c:1959:13: runtime error: member access within misaligned address 0x7f69e3f99653 for type 'union perf_event', which requires 13 byte alignment
0x7f69e3f99653: note: pointer points here
d0 3a 50 69 44 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 bb 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 07 00 00
^
util/session.c:2163:22: runtime error: member access within misaligned address 0x7f69e3f99653 for type 'union perf_event', which requires 8 byte alignment
0x7f69e3f99653: note: pointer points here
d0 3a 50 69 44 00 00 00 00 00 08 00 bb 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 44 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 07 00 00
^
...
Since there is no way to align compressed data in zstd compression, this
patch add a new event type `PERF_RECORD_COMPRESSED2`, which adds a field
`data_size` to specify the actual compressed data size.
The `header.size` contains the total record size, including the padding
at the end to make it 8-byte aligned.
Tested with `Zstd perf.data compression/decompression`
Signed-off-by: Chun-Tse Shao <ctshao@google.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ben Gainey <ben.gainey@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Clark <james.clark@linaro.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@arm.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Nick Terrell <terrelln@fb.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250303183646.327510-1-ctshao@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Avoid dereferencing bpf_map_skeleton's link field if it's NULL.
If BPF map skeleton is created with the size, that indicates containing
link field, but the field was not actually initialized with valid
bpf_link pointer, libbpf crashes. This may happen when using libbpf-rs
skeleton.
Skeleton loading may still progress, but user needs to attach struct_ops
map separately.
Signed-off-by: Mykyta Yatsenko <yatsenko@meta.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250514113220.219095-1-mykyta.yatsenko5@gmail.com
Return value of the validate_nla() function can be propagated all the
way up to users of libbpf API. In case of error this libbpf version
of validate_nla returns -1 which will be seen as -EPERM from user's
point of view. Instead, return a more reasonable -EINVAL.
Fixes: bbf48c18ee ("libbpf: add error reporting in XDP")
Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <a.s.protopopov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20250510182011.2246631-1-a.s.protopopov@gmail.com
Linus Torvalds