unwind_user/deferred: Add unwind cache

Cache the results of the unwind to ensure the unwind is only performed
once, even when called by multiple tracers.

The cache nr_entries gets cleared every time the task exits the kernel.
When a stacktrace is requested, nr_entries gets set to the number of
entries in the stacktrace. If another stacktrace is requested, if
nr_entries is not zero, then it contains the same stacktrace that would be
retrieved so it is not processed again and the entries is given to the
caller.

Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Indu Bhagat <indu.bhagat@oracle.com>
Cc: "Jose E. Marchesi" <jemarch@gnu.org>
Cc: Beau Belgrave <beaub@linux.microsoft.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Cc: Sam James <sam@gentoo.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20250729182405.319691167@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jens Remus <jremus@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-By: Indu Bhagat <indu.bhagat@oracle.com>
Co-developed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

include/linux/entry-common.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <linux/resume_user_mode.h>
 #include <linux/tick.h>
 #include <linux/kmsan.h>
+#include <linux/unwind_deferred.h>
 
 #include <asm/entry-common.h>
 #include <asm/syscall.h>
@@ -362,6 +363,7 @@ static __always_inline void exit_to_user_mode(void)
 	lockdep_hardirqs_on_prepare();
 	instrumentation_end();
 
+	unwind_reset_info();
 	user_enter_irqoff();
 	arch_exit_to_user_mode();
 	lockdep_hardirqs_on(CALLER_ADDR0);

include/linux/unwind_deferred.h

@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@ void unwind_task_free(struct task_struct *task);
 
 int unwind_user_faultable(struct unwind_stacktrace *trace);
 
+static __always_inline void unwind_reset_info(void)
+{
+	if (unlikely(current->unwind_info.cache))
+		current->unwind_info.cache->nr_entries = 0;
+}
+
 #else /* !CONFIG_UNWIND_USER */
 
 static inline void unwind_task_init(struct task_struct *task) {}
@@ -19,6 +25,8 @@ static inline void unwind_task_free(struct task_struct *task) {}
 
 static inline int unwind_user_faultable(struct unwind_stacktrace *trace) { return -ENOSYS; }
 
+static inline void unwind_reset_info(void) {}
+
 #endif /* !CONFIG_UNWIND_USER */
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_UNWIND_USER_DEFERRED_H */

include/linux/unwind_deferred_types.h

@@ -2,8 +2,13 @@
 #ifndef _LINUX_UNWIND_USER_DEFERRED_TYPES_H
 #define _LINUX_UNWIND_USER_DEFERRED_TYPES_H
 
+struct unwind_cache {
+	unsigned int		nr_entries;
+	unsigned long		entries[];
+};
+
 struct unwind_task_info {
-	unsigned long		*entries;
+	struct unwind_cache	*cache;
 };
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_UNWIND_USER_DEFERRED_TYPES_H */

kernel/unwind/deferred.c

@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@
  */
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/sizes.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/unwind_deferred.h>
 
-#define UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES 512
+/* Make the cache fit in a 4K page */
+#define UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES					\
+	((SZ_4K - sizeof(struct unwind_cache)) / sizeof(long))
 
 /**
  * unwind_user_faultable - Produce a user stacktrace in faultable context
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@
 int unwind_user_faultable(struct unwind_stacktrace *trace)
 {
 	struct unwind_task_info *info = &current->unwind_info;
+	struct unwind_cache *cache;
 
 	/* Should always be called from faultable context */
 	might_fault();
@@ -31,17 +35,30 @@ int unwind_user_faultable(struct unwind_stacktrace *trace)
 	if (current->flags & PF_EXITING)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (!info->entries) {
-		info->entries = kmalloc_array(UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES, sizeof(long),
-					      GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!info->entries)
+	if (!info->cache) {
+		info->cache = kzalloc(struct_size(cache, entries, UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES),
+				      GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!info->cache)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 	}
 
+	cache = info->cache;
+	trace->entries = cache->entries;
+
+	if (cache->nr_entries) {
+		/*
+		 * The user stack has already been previously unwound in this
+		 * entry context.  Skip the unwind and use the cache.
+		 */
+		trace->nr = cache->nr_entries;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	trace->nr = 0;
-	trace->entries = info->entries;
 	unwind_user(trace, UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES);
 
+	cache->nr_entries = trace->nr;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -56,5 +73,5 @@ void unwind_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
 {
 	struct unwind_task_info *info = &task->unwind_info;
 
-	kfree(info->entries);
+	kfree(info->cache);
 }